Between Spain and France and rising higher than 3400m in elevation. Hiking trails traverse the entire length of the range and national parks offer shorter trails, while dozens of ski resorts can be found on both sides of the Pyrenees. Andorra is a tiny sovereign state in the heart of the chain. The Pyrenees are older than the Alps, between 100 and 150 million years ago, during the Lower Cretaceous Period 

the southern Iberian Peninsula. It includes the highest point in the peninsula, 3,478 m high Mulhacén in the Sierra Nevada.  The Baetic System is made up of multiple mountain ranges that reach from western Andalusia to the Region of Murcia, southern Castile-La Mancha and the Land of Valencia. The Baetic System as a geological feature belongs to a larger orogeny usually called the Gibraltar Arc. The geodynamic mechanisms responsible for its formation are so far relatively unknown.

France, Switzerland, Monaco, Italy, Liechtenstein, Austria, Germany, and Slovenia. The Alpine arch generally extends from Nice on the western Mediterranean to Trieste on the Adriatic and Vienna at the beginning of the Pannonian Basin.  The mountains were formed over tens of millions of years as the African and Eurasian tectonic plates collided. Extreme shortening caused by the event resulted in marine sedimentary rocks rising by thrusting and folding into high mountain peaks such as Mont Blanc and the Matterhorn.  Mont Blanc spans the French–Italian border, and at 4809m is the highest mountain in the Alps. The Alpine region area contains 128 peaks higher than 4,000 m 

and lava fields. Massive glaciers are protected in Vatnajökull and Snæfellsjökull national parks. The highest elevation for Iceland is listed as 2110m at Hvannadalshnúkur. Iceland has extensive volcanic and geothermal activity. The rift associated with the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, which marks the division between the Eurasian Plate and North American tectonic plates, runs across Iceland from the southwest to the northeast.